Mycoplasma pneumonia chest x ray findings12/29/2023 ![]() ![]() Nevertheless, most guidelines define these pneumonias as CAPs.ĬAP is a major health care problem. Also, the categorization of CAP in mildly immuno-compromized outpatients with disorders, such as diabetes, alcoholism, or renal insufficiency, is debated. Some controversy exists regarding this definition, specifically for pneumonia in nursing home residents, which is classified as CAP in most countries, whereas it is not in the UK. Specific attention is paid to the role of imaging in diagnosis and management of disease, and on how radiologic methods can be used optimally in dealing with CAP and NP.ĬAP is defined as pneumonia acquired in the community setting, i.e., in the environment outside hospitals. In this article we review the most important theoretical, clinical, and radiological principles regarding CAP and NP. Nevertheless, its diagnostic yield can be substantially enriched by the integration of radiologic findings with epidemiologic facts, histopathologic fundamentals, and clinical features of the individual patient. Furthermore, it allows narrowing of the differential diagnosis, helps to direct additional diagnostic measures, and serves as an ideal tool for follow-up examinations. Among all diagnostic tests, chest radiography has a pivotal position in confirming or excluding the diagnosis of pneumonia. Radiography plays an important role in the detection and management of patients with pneumonia. Despite advances in diagnosis and treatment, pneumonia remains one of the leading causes of death, and mortality is particularly high in immunocompromised patients, in children, and in the elderly population. Many infections occur in individuals with concomitant intrapulmonary or extrathoracic disease, but may also affect otherwise healthy persons. Nosocomial pneumonia (NP) is associated with the highest mortality rate of nosocomial infections that contribute causally to death. It is the most prevalent community-acquired infection (CAP) and the second most common nosocomial infectious disorder. In the non-immunocompromised population, pneumonia is one of the two major infectious diseases. Pulmonary infections are among the most frequent causes of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. Overall, both for CAP and NP, imaging is an integral component of the diagnosis, important for classification and differential diagnosis, and helpful for follow-up. NP, in contrast, develops in the hospital setting, is commonly caused by gram-negative bacteria, and may generate substantial problems for the radiologist. CAP is generally seen in outpatients, is most frequently caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Chlamydia, and its radiologic diagnosis is relatively straightforward. CAP and NP arise in different populations, host different spectra of causative pathogens, and pose different challenges to both the clinician and the radiologist. For the radiologist, it is important to understand that community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and nosocomial pneumonia (NP) share a number of characteristics, but should, in many respects be regarded as separate entities. In particular, pulmonary infections acquired in the community, and pneumonias arising in the hospital setting, represent a major medical and economic problem and thus a continuous challenge to health care. Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of morbidity, hospitalization, and mortality in both industrialized and developing countries.
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